Clay weekly context brief for the Physics category (ISO week 2026-W30).

Clay tracks publications from the Physics feed list. Below are recent items from this category, each with its source and a short description of what the publication covers when one is available in the source feed.

Recent publications:
1. Self-confinement of relativistic pair beams in magnetized interstellar plasmas: the case of pulsar X-ray filaments
   Source: physics.plasm-ph (Plasma Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.15847
   The observation of filamentary X-ray structures near bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) -- such as the Guitar, Lighthouse, and PSR J2030$+$4415 nebulae -- and of slow-diffusion regions around pulsars like Geminga, Monogem, and PSR J0622$+$3749, challenges the standard picture of cosmic-ray transport in the interstellar medium, implying a diffusion coefficient two orders of magnitude smaller than the Galactic average.
2. Quantum Simulation of Ligand-like Molecules through Sample-based Quantum Diagonalization in Density Matrix Embedding Framework
   Source: physics.chem-ph (Chemical Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22158
   The accurate treatment of electron correlation in extended molecular systems remains computationally challenging using classical electronic structure methods.
3. Collective amplification and anisotropic narrowing of alignment signals in cesium vapor under strong spin exchange near zero magnetic field
   Source: physics.atom-ph (Atomic Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13466
   We present the results of an experimental study of the anomalous anisotropy of alignment signals in cesium vapors under strong spin-exchange conditions near zero magnetic field with linearly polarized optical pumping.
4. Shoaling of Finite-Amplitude Rogue Waves
   Source: physics.ao-ph (Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00400
   Rogue wave formation and enhancement over coastal areas have been documented over the last decade.
5. Mitigation of Initial Transients in Total-f Gyrokinetic Turbulence Simulations Using Neoclassically Relaxed Distribution Function
   Source: physics.plasm-ph (Plasma Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15072
   Total-f five-dimensional gyrokinetic simulations are essential for self-consistent studies of multi-scale, multiphysics transport in the edge region of diverted tokamak plasmas.
6. Machine learning of electronic structure and atomistic properties from the external potential
   Source: physics.chem-ph (Chemical Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15345
   Electronic structure calculations remain a major bottleneck in atomistic simulations and, not surprisingly, have attracted significant attention in machine learning (ML).
7. Atomic clock frequency ratios with fractional uncertainty $\leq 3.2 \times 10^{-18}$
   Source: physics.atom-ph (Atomic Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21428
   We report high-precision frequency ratio measurements between optical atomic clocks based on $^{27}$Al$^+$, $^{171}$Yb, and $^{87}$Sr.
8. Global Kilometer-Scale Simulations with ARP-GEM2: Effect of Parameterized Convection and Calibration
   Source: physics.ao-ph (Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00829
   The objective of this paper is twofold.
9. Stern--Gerlach Spin Sorting and Dynamical Feedback in Relativistic Pair-Plasma Reconnection
   Source: physics.plasm-ph (Plasma Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16243
   We derive a Stern--Gerlach control parameter, $\Xi$, comparing spin-driven cross-sheet displacement with the relativistic Larmor radius.
10. Empowering Neural Network-based Quantum Monte Carlo with Local Pseudopotentials
   Source: physics.chem-ph (Chemical Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19909
   Neural Network-based Quantum Monte Carlo (NNQMC), an emerging method for solving many-body quantum systems with high accuracy, has been mainly applied to small systems due to demanding computation requirements.
11. Revealing electron-ytterbium interactions through Rydberg molecular spectroscopy
   Source: physics.atom-ph (Atomic Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20609
   Divalent atoms have emerged as powerful alternatives to alkalis in ultracold atom platforms, offering unique advantages arising from their two-electron structure.
12. Vortex formation around islands in random waves
   Source: physics.ao-ph (Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15938
   Wave vortices are fundamental topological features of interference fields, occurring at nodal points where the wave amplitude vanishes.
13. Stellarator island divertor shape optimization for reduced peak heat fluxes
   Source: physics.plasm-ph (Plasma Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.24049
   An automated algorithm to construct island divertors for stellarators is presented and is used to find divertors that meet heat load requirements determined by material limits.
14. Operator Entanglement in Quantum Dynamics Simulations: Formalism and Analysis Tools
   Source: physics.chem-ph (Chemical Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.16070
   We review the framework of operator Hilbert space and introduce the one- and two-particle super reduced density matrices (1-SRDMs and 2-SRDMs), as well as the super mutual information (SMI).
15. Deterministic atom-shuttle interconnects via ultrafast atom-ion entangling gate
   Source: physics.atom-ph (Atomic Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15597
   Neutral-atom arrays and trapped-ion crystals offer complementary strengths for fault-tolerant quantum computing but lack a fast way to deterministically interact.
16. Global kilometer-scale climate simulations: new opportunities for climate services
   Source: physics.ao-ph (Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.16125
   Climate services are essential for risk management and economic planning.
17. Experimental demonstration of Flying-Focus enhanced Thomson scattering
   Source: physics.plasm-ph (Plasma Physics)
   Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15805
   We report the experimental demonstration of a spatiotemporally engineered "Flying-Focus" laser pulse for enhanced x-ray generation in relativistic Thomson scattering.

Sources in this brief: physics.ao-ph (Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics); physics.atom-ph (Atomic Physics); physics.chem-ph (Chemical Physics); physics.plasm-ph (Plasma Physics).
Selected 17 of 28 available items for this weekly brief.